Getting Information About Disks in Linux
There are many tools you can use to get system information on Linux. In this article, we will review some commands that can be used to get information about "disks (HDD, SSD)".
fdisk -l
With the fdisk -l command, you can list the disks in your system and their partition information. This command requires "root" privileges:
fdisk -l
[root@gnuadmin ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000940fd
Aygıt Açılış Başlangıç Bitiş BlokSayısı Kml Sistem
/dev/vda1 * 2048 52428766 26213359+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 0 MB, 477184 bytes, 932 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
parted
With the "print" option of the parted program, you can get information about your disks and their partitions. This command requires "root" privileges:
parted print all
ali@zion:~$ sudo parted
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print all
Model: ATA TOSHIBA-TR200 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 480GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot, esp
2 538MB 480GB 480GB lvm
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1: 1028MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 1028MB 1028MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root: 479GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 479GB 479GB ext4
lsblk
With the lsblk command, you can list the block devices on your system:
lsblk
ali@gnuadmin:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
|-sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
`-sda5 8:5 0 29.5G 0 part
|-debian--vg-root 254:0 0 28.6G 0 lvm /
`-debian--vg-swap_1 254:1 0 980M 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
|-sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part
|-sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part
`-sdb3 8:19 0 6G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
The lsblk command has many options to customize your output. In the example below; we're listing the file systems on the partitions (-f), without the tree structure (-l) and showing the full path of the devices (-p):
lsblk options
ali@gnuadmin:~$ lsblk -flp
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
/dev/sda
/dev/sda1 ext2 1.0 986a4295-b3a9-4afb-8f01-40e9b1c42c2c 384.5M 13% /boot
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda5 LVM2_member LVM2 001 hdI0w3-jztQ-fWrB-y8Do-inaY-UO0e-NpfRZY
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb3
/dev/sr0
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ext4 1.0 9d80b4d6-b4a8-4801-ad93-fd9458f1d84e 22.4G 15% /
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-swap_1 swap 1 ae4371ea-31db-4bb7-8927-8b4053d44036 [SWAP]
Getting Detailed Information About Disk in Linux
If you need more technical information than the above commands provide, the smartctl command may be helpful. The smartctl program comes with the smartmontools package on Debian-based systems. smartctl requires "root" privileges:
smartctl -a
ali@zion:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.13.0-40-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: TOSHIBA-TR200
Serial Number: 49JB8006KBSN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 8ce38e c01206376
Firmware Version: SBFA15.2
User Capacity: 480,103,981,056 bytes [480 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-4 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu May 12 19:18:06 2022 +03
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 30) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x00) Offline data collection not supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 10573
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1912
167 Unknown_Attribute 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
168 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
169 Unknown_Attribute 0x0003 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
173 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 187 187 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 122
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0023 071 053 020 Pre-fail Always - 29 (Min/Max 13/47)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 353920
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported
Getting UUID Information of Disks in Linux
You can list the properties of your block devices using the blkid command:
blkid
ali@gnuadmin:~$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="986a4295-b3a9-4afb-8f01-40e9b1c42c2c" BLOCK_SIZE="1024" TYPE="ext2" PARTUUID="a422b442-01"
/dev/sda5: UUID="hdI0w3-jztQ-fWrB-y8Do-inaY-UO0e-NpfRZY" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="a422b442-05"
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root: UUID="9d80b4d6-b4a8-4801-ad93-fd9458f1d84e" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/debian--vg-swap_1: UUID="ae4371ea-31db-4bb7-8927-8b4053d44036" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: PARTUUID="830a162b-01"
/dev/sdb2: PARTUUID="830a162b-02"
/dev/sdb3: PARTUUID="830a162b-03"